Renting in Ghana comes with real legal protections — but many tenants do not know them, and some landlords count on that. This guide explains, in plain English, what the law says about rent advance, rent increases and eviction, and what you can do if a landlord breaks the rules.
Which law governs renting in Ghana?
The main law is the Rent Act, 1963 (Act 220), supported by the Rent Control Law, 1986. It is enforced by the Rent Control Department, which handles complaints and disputes between tenants and landlords. The law is widely considered outdated, and reform is under way (see below) — but Act 220 remains in force today.
How much rent advance is legal?
For a long-term tenancy, a landlord may not demand or collect more than six (6) months’ rent in advance. The common practice of asking for one or two years up front is against the law — in fact it is a criminal offence. Reported penalties for offenders include fines or up to two years in prison.
If you are asked for more than six months’ advance:
- Keep the evidence — messages, receipts, or the agent’s written demand.
- Report it to the Rent Control Department, which is setting up channels (including an anonymous option) to receive complaints.
- Register your tenancy agreement with the department — this helps track the property and resolve any later dispute.
Can my landlord increase the rent whenever they like?
No. Rent increases are expected to be reasonable and properly communicated. If you believe an increase is arbitrary or excessive, you can challenge it at the Rent Control Department rather than simply accepting it.
Can I be evicted without notice?
A landlord cannot use “self-help” eviction — that means they cannot lock you out, throw out your belongings, or cut off your water or electricity to force you to leave. Lawful eviction must go through the proper process (the Rent Control Department or the courts) with due notice. If you are threatened with an unlawful eviction, contact the Rent Control Department.
What the Rent Control Department can do for you
The department mediates and adjudicates disputes over rent advance, increases, repairs and eviction. To get the most from it: keep written records, register your tenancy, and report problems early with evidence. There have also been calls for dedicated rent courts to speed up cases.
Reform: a new consolidated Rent Act is coming
On 26 June 2026, the Minister for Works, Housing and Water Resources told Parliament that the government is reviewing the rental laws, with the aim of repealing the Rent Act, 1963 and the Rent Control Law, 1986 and replacing them with a single, consolidated Rent Act. The stated goals include stronger protection for low-income and vulnerable tenants, guarding against arbitrary rent increases, and incentives to attract investment in rental housing.
Important: as of this writing the new law is proposed, not yet passed. The rules described above are what apply until the new Act takes effect.
Quick answers
Is it legal to pay 1 or 2 years’ rent in advance in Ghana? No — for long-term tenancies the lawful maximum is six months. Demanding more is a criminal offence.
What can I do if my landlord insists? Keep evidence and report to the Rent Control Department; you can also seek advice before signing.
Can a landlord lock me out? No. Eviction must follow due process; self-help eviction is not allowed.
This article is general information, not legal advice. For your specific situation, contact the Rent Control Department or a qualified lawyer.
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